متون کنکور/

dministrative powers conferred اختیارات قانونی تفیض شده

essential character مشخصه اصلی

اختیار ضمنی Implied power

prerogative powers. اختیارات ویزه

It has been seen that the essential task of administrative law is to provide a legal control in relation to the exercise of administrative powers conferred on various administrative agencies for all sorts of different purposes. Perhaps the most visible manifestation of this control is an independent judiciary in the shape of the High Court exercising a supervisory role(naghsh nezararti) by which it reviews administrative action to ensure that it is not ultra vires particular statutory powers(ekhtiyarat ghanoonimoshakhas) or even in excess of prerogative powers. This is the essential character of the subject, but it does not convey the complete picture since administrative law and its rules involve not only a rather negative form of control over the exercise of powers but also a rather more positive aspect. Through its task of interpreting the scope of statutory (hodod ekhtiyartat)and other powers, the High Court should be concerned to identify, not only the express limits of the powers(ekhtiyar), but any realistic implied powers(ekhtyar zemni) which may not be spelt out quite so clearly. In this way it is possible to avoid a situation where a statutory scheme in an Act of Parliament becomes unworkable. In addition, there will be occasions( Mavardi)where the interpretation of the statutory powers will expedite administration(tasri ekhtyarat ghanoni ejra) or where a mere technical non-compliance with the statutory(sharayet ghanooni) requirements will not lead to the action being condemned as ultra vires. (kharej ekhtiarat ghanooni)

 

 

 

.The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties. 

1. مقامات نتوانستند به وظایف قانونی خود برسند.

 

a father's prerogatives and responsibilities

- امتیازات و مسئولیت‌های یک پدر

 

statutory age limits

- محدودیت‌های سنی از نظر قانون

- statutory laws

- قوانین کیفری

 

Be blunt and spell out exactly how you feel. 

1. روراست باش و دقیقاً به‌صراحت بیان کن چه احساسی داری.

 

 

• 2.You know what I mean—I'm sure I don't need to spell it out. 

  2. می‌دانی منظورم چیست؛ مطمئنم مجبور نیستم باجزئیات برایت توضیح بدهم.